Work in progress

The content of this page was not yet updated for Godot 4.3 and may be outdated. If you know how to improve this page or you can confirm that it's up to date, feel free to open a pull request.

Import plugins

Note

This tutorial assumes you already know how to make generic plugins. If in doubt, refer to the Making plugins page. This also assumes you are acquainted with Godot's import system.

Introduction

An import plugin is a special type of editor tool that allows custom resources to be imported by Godot and be treated as first-class resources. The editor itself comes bundled with a lot of import plugins to handle the common resources like PNG images, Collada and glTF models, Ogg Vorbis sounds, and many more.

This tutorial shows how to create an import plugin to load a custom text file as a material resource. This text file will contain three numeric values separated by comma, which represents the three channels of a color, and the resulting color will be used as the albedo (main color) of the imported material. In this example it contains the pure blue color (zero red, zero green, and full blue):

0,0,255

Configuration

First we need a generic plugin that will handle the initialization and destruction of our import plugin. Let's add the plugin.cfg file first:

[plugin]

name="Silly Material Importer"
description="Imports a 3D Material from an external text file."
author="Yours Truly"
version="1.0"
script="material_import.gd"

Then we need the material_import.gd file to add and remove the import plugin when needed:

# material_import.gd
@tool
extends EditorPlugin


var import_plugin


func _enter_tree():
    import_plugin = preload("import_plugin.gd").new()
    add_import_plugin(import_plugin)


func _exit_tree():
    remove_import_plugin(import_plugin)
    import_plugin = null

When this plugin is activated, it will create a new instance of the import plugin (which we'll soon make) and add it to the editor using the add_import_plugin() method. We store a reference to it in a class member import_plugin so we can refer to it later when removing it. The remove_import_plugin() method is called when the plugin is deactivated to clean up the memory and let the editor know the import plugin isn't available anymore.

Note that the import plugin is a reference type, so it doesn't need to be explicitly released from memory with the free() function. It will be released automatically by the engine when it goes out of scope.

The EditorImportPlugin class

The main character of the show is the EditorImportPlugin class. It is responsible for implementing the methods that are called by Godot when it needs to know how to deal with files.

Let's begin to code our plugin, one method at time:

# import_plugin.gd
@tool
extends EditorImportPlugin


func _get_importer_name():
    return "demos.sillymaterial"

The first method is the _get_importer_name(). This is a unique name for your plugin that is used by Godot to know which import was used in a certain file. When the files needs to be reimported, the editor will know which plugin to call.

func _get_visible_name():
    return "Silly Material"

The _get_visible_name() method is responsible for returning the name of the type it imports and it will be shown to the user in the Import dock.

You should choose this name as a continuation to "Import as", e.g. "Import as Silly Material". You can name it whatever you want but we recommend a descriptive name for your plugin.

func _get_recognized_extensions():
    return ["mtxt"]

Godot's import system detects file types by their extension. In the _get_recognized_extensions() method you return an array of strings to represent each extension that this plugin can understand. If an extension is recognized by more than one plugin, the user can select which one to use when importing the files.

Tip

Common extensions like .json and .txt might be used by many plugins. Also, there could be files in the project that are just data for the game and should not be imported. You have to be careful when importing to validate the data. Never expect the file to be well-formed.

func _get_save_extension():
    return "material"

The imported files are saved in the .import folder at the project's root. Their extension should match the type of resource you are importing, but since Godot can't tell what you'll use (because there might be multiple valid extensions for the same resource), you need to declare what will be used in the import.

Since we're importing a Material, we'll use the special extension for such resource types. If you are importing a scene, you can use scn. Generic resources can use the res extension. However, this is not enforced in any way by the engine.

func _get_resource_type():
    return "StandardMaterial3D"

The imported resource has a specific type, so the editor can know which property slot it belongs to. This allows drag and drop from the FileSystem dock to a property in the Inspector.

In our case it's a StandardMaterial3D, which can be applied to 3D objects.

Note

If you need to import different types from the same extension, you have to create multiple import plugins. You can abstract the import code on another file to avoid duplication in this regard.

Options and presets

Your plugin can provide different options to allow the user to control how the resource will be imported. If a set of selected options is common, you can also create different presets to make it easier for the user. The following image shows how the options will appear in the editor:

Since there might be many presets and they are identified with a number, it's a good practice to use an enum so you can refer to them using names.

@tool
extends EditorImportPlugin


enum Presets { DEFAULT }


...

Now that the enum is defined, let's keep looking at the methods of an import plugin:

func _get_preset_count():
    return Presets.size()

The _get_preset_count() method returns the amount of presets that this plugins defines. We only have one preset now, but we can make this method future-proof by returning the size of our Presets enumeration.

func _get_preset_name(preset_index):
    match preset_index:
        Presets.DEFAULT:
            return "Default"
        _:
            return "Unknown"

Here we have the _get_preset_name() method, which gives names to the presets as they will be presented to the user, so be sure to use short and clear names.

We can use the match statement here to make the code more structured. This way it's easy to add new presets in the future. We use the catch all pattern to return something too. Although Godot won't ask for presets beyond the preset count you defined, it's always better to be on the safe side.

If you have only one preset you could simply return its name directly, but if you do this you have to be careful when you add more presets.

func _get_import_options(path, preset_index):
    match preset_index:
        Presets.DEFAULT:
            return [{
                       "name": "use_red_anyway",
                       "default_value": false
                    }]
        _:
            return []

This is the method which defines the available options. _get_import_options() returns an array of dictionaries, and each dictionary contains a few keys that are checked to customize the option as its shown to the user. The following table shows the possible keys:

Key	Type	Description
name	String	The name of the option. When showed, underscores become spaces and first letters are capitalized.
default_value	Any	The default value of the option for this preset.
property_hint	Enum value	One of the PropertyHint values to use as hint.
hint_string	String	The hint text of the property. The same as you'd add in the export statement in GDScript.
usage	Enum value	One of the PropertyUsageFlags values to define the usage.

The name and default_value keys are mandatory, the rest are optional.

Note that the _get_import_options method receives the preset number, so you can configure the options for each different preset (especially the default value). In this example we use the match statement, but if you have lots of options and the presets only change the value you may want to create the array of options first and then change it based on the preset.

Warning

The _get_import_options method is called even if you don't define presets (by making _get_preset_count return zero). You have to return an array even it's empty, otherwise you can get errors.

func _get_option_visibility(path, option_name, options):
    return true

For the _get_option_visibility() method, we simply return true because all of our options (i.e. the single one we defined) are visible all the time.

If you need to make certain option visible only if another is set with a certain value, you can add the logic in this method.

The import method

The heavy part of the process, responsible for converting the files into resources, is covered by the _import() method. Our sample code is a bit long, so let's split in a few parts:

func _import(source_file, save_path, options, r_platform_variants, r_gen_files):
    var file = FileAccess.open(source_file, FileAccess.READ)
    if file == null:
        return FileAccess.get_open_error()

    var line = file.get_line()

The first part of our import method opens and reads the source file. We use the FileAccess class to do that, passing the source_file parameter which is provided by the editor.

If there's an error when opening the file, we return it to let the editor know that the import wasn't successful.

var channels = line.split(",")
if channels.size() != 3:
    return ERR_PARSE_ERROR

var color
if options.use_red_anyway:
    color = Color8(255, 0, 0)
else:
    color = Color8(int(channels[0]), int(channels[1]), int(channels[2]))

This code takes the line of the file it read before and splits it in pieces that are separated by a comma. If there are more or less than the three values, it considers the file invalid and reports an error.

Then it creates a new Color variable and sets its values according to the input file. If the use_red_anyway option is enabled, then it sets the color as a pure red instead.

var material = StandardMaterial3D.new()
material.albedo_color = color

This part makes a new StandardMaterial3D that is the imported resource. We create a new instance of it and then set its albedo color as the value we got before.

return ResourceSaver.save(material, "%s.%s" % [save_path, _get_save_extension()])

This is the last part and quite an important one, because here we save the made resource to the disk. The path of the saved file is generated and informed by the editor via the save_path parameter. Note that this comes without the extension, so we add it using string formatting. For this we call the _get_save_extension method that we defined earlier, so we can be sure that they won't get out of sync.

We also return the result from the ResourceSaver.save() method, so if there's an error in this step, the editor will know about it.

Platform variants and generated files

You may have noticed that our plugin ignored two arguments of the import method. Those are return arguments (hence the r at the beginning of their name), which means that the editor will read from them after calling your import method. Both of them are arrays that you can fill with information.

The r_platform_variants argument is used if you need to import the resource differently depending on the target platform. While it's called platform variants, it is based on the presence of feature tags, so even the same platform can have multiple variants depending on the setup.

To import a platform variant, you need to save it with the feature tag before the extension, and then push the tag to the r_platform_variants array so the editor can know that you did.

For example, let's say we save a different material for a mobile platform. We would need to do something like the following:

r_platform_variants.push_back("mobile")
return ResourceSaver.save(mobile_material, "%s.%s.%s" % [save_path, "mobile", _get_save_extension()])

The r_gen_files argument is meant for extra files that are generated during your import process and need to be kept. The editor will look at it to understand the dependencies and make sure the extra file is not inadvertently deleted.

This is also an array and should be filled with full paths of the files you save. As an example, let's create another material for the next pass and save it in a different file:

var next_pass = StandardMaterial3D.new()
next_pass.albedo_color = color.inverted()
var next_pass_path = "%s.next_pass.%s" % [save_path, _get_save_extension()]

err = ResourceSaver.save(next_pass, next_pass_path)
if err != OK:
    return err
r_gen_files.push_back(next_pass_path)

Trying the plugin

This has been theoretical, but now that the import plugin is done, let's test it. Make sure you created the sample file (with the contents described in the introduction section) and save it as test.mtxt. Then activate the plugin in the Project Settings.

If everything goes well, the import plugin is added to the editor and the file system is scanned, making the custom resource appear on the FileSystem dock. If you select it and focus the Import dock, you can see the only option to select there.

Create a MeshInstance3D node in the scene, and for its Mesh property set up a new SphereMesh. Unfold the Material section in the Inspector and then drag the file from the FileSystem dock to the material property. The object will update in the viewport with the blue color of the imported material.

Go to Import dock, enable the "Use Red Anyway" option, and click on "Reimport". This will update the imported material and should automatically update the view showing the red color instead.

And that's it! Your first import plugin is done! Now get creative and make plugins for your own beloved formats. This can be quite useful to write your data in a custom format and then use it in Godot as if they were native resources. This shows how the import system is powerful and extendable.